Which network topology is characterized by all devices connecting to a central hub or switch?

The star topology is characterized by all devices connecting to a central hub or switch. In this configuration, each device on the network has its own individual cable connecting it directly to the hub or switch, which serves as a central point of communication. This structure allows for easy addition and removal of devices without disrupting the network, as each device operates independently and communicates through the central point.

In star topology, if one cable or device fails, it does not affect the others on the network, which enhances reliability and simplifies troubleshooting. Additionally, the central hub or switch can manage traffic and has the capability to create a more efficient network by intelligently directing data packets to the appropriate devices.

Other topologies, such as mesh, bus, and ring, have different configurations that do not involve all devices being connected to a single central point. For example, in a mesh topology, each device can connect to multiple other devices, creating multiple pathways for data, while in a bus topology, all devices share a single communication line. In ring topology, devices are connected in a circular arrangement, where each device is connected to two others, forming a closed loop.