What does the term "malware" refer to?

The term "malware" refers specifically to malicious software that is designed to harm, exploit, or otherwise compromise any programmable device or network. This includes a wide range of harmful software types such as viruses, worms, trojans, ransomware, spyware, and adware. Malware can disrupt system operations, steal sensitive information, or allow unauthorized access to systems, which is why it represents a significant concern in the field of cybersecurity.

The other options describe software functions that are not aligned with the definition of malware. Enhancing system performance, providing network protection, or repairing corrupted files typically pertains to legitimate software that serves beneficial purposes. These tools are designed to optimize, secure, and maintain the integrity of computer systems, contrasting sharply with the nature of malware, which is inherently harmful. Thus, recognizing the defining characteristic of malware as malicious intent and detrimental effects is essential in understanding its impact on technology and security.