In a network without a server, which of the following provides reliable user authentication?

WPA2, or Wi-Fi Protected Access II, is a security protocol designed to provide secure authentication and encryption for wireless networks. In a network without a dedicated server, such as a home or small office environment, WPA2 can facilitate secure user authentication by requiring a passphrase or pre-shared key (PSK) for users to connect to the network.

When devices attempt to join the network, they must provide the correct passphrase to gain access, ensuring that only authorized users can connect. This protocol uses strong encryption to protect the data transmitted over the wireless connection and can help defend against unauthorized access.

In contrast, the other options serve different purposes or are not directly related to user authentication in a network without a server. For example, TPM (Trusted Platform Module) is a hardware-based security feature that provides secure cryptographic functions but does not perform user authentication in the context of a network. A VPN (Virtual Private Network) is used to create a secure connection to a network over the internet but is not a user authentication mechanism in a standalone network. SOHO (Small Office/Home Office) is a term used to describe a working environment but does not refer to any specific technology or authentication method.